Guidelines for leader self disclosure as this section. The johari window model a simple and useful tool for understanding and training self awareness, personal development, improving communications, interpersonal relationships, group. The theory also treats disclosure as a linear process, but disclosure likely follows a nonlinear pattern that varies based on stage of the relationship. Sidney marshall jourard 19261974 was a canadian psychologist, professor and author of the books the transparent self and healthy personality. A very significant form of interpersonal communication that validate self worth and personal identity is self disclosure. How self disclosure affects people and their relationships. Journal of experimental social psychology 14, 466479 1978 three theories of self disclosure exchange steven jay lynn indiana university received february 28, 1977 the present study tested predictions derived from equitable exchange, social attraction, and normative information theories of self disclosure. The necessity of client selfdisclosure in counseling has a long tradition, beginning with sigmund freud, who asserted that clients should disclose everything that comes to mind. Selfconstructed indices commonly measure voluntary information in general. Indeed, the first author has experienced similar incongruence between theory and practice, which became the impetus for this study. Decisions about self disclosure whether to reveal ones thoughts, feel ings, or past experiences to another person, or the level of intimacy of such disclosure are part of the everyday life of most persons. Although my character traits contribute to my struggle with self disclosure, discussion in many of my social work classes indicates that this is something with which other social work students struggle.
Pdf three theories of selfdisclosure exchange steven. Selfdisclosure, leadership and trust jesse lyn stoner. Jan 26, 2017 the formal definition is selfdisclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another. The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations. Selfdisclosure is a remarkably complex communication process that has a powerful impact on how our relationships with others form, progress, and endure. Decisions about selfdisclosurewhether to reveal ones thoughts, feel ings. Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to selfdisclosure. The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as ones likes, dislikes, and favorites. Selfdisclosure and cohesion in the relidious classroom curt ryan wakefield dr. Selfdisclosure is considered a key aspect of developing closeness and intimacy with others, including friends, romantic partners, and family members. Three theories of selfdisclosure exchange sciencedirect. Identity and self esteem at a glance stage title topic methodology links with core or reinforcer suitable for drug content 1 getting to know you introductions. Relational closeness can progress from superficial to intimate.
While my supervisor focused on the contraindications of disclosing to clients. The johari window model is a convenient method used to achieve this task of understanding and enhancing communication between the members in a group. Whereas disclosure in the early stages of relationship development is typified by superficial information, intimate self disclosure becomes more common during later. The selfdisclosure and selfpresentation views of item.
First, to explorer the users self disclosures on sns based on the dimensions of selfdisclosure theory wheeless. Jun 01, 2016 research shows that skillful selfdisclosure can humanize the leader, creating connections between the leader and followers that increase feelings of trust and intimacy, and, in an organizational context, a readiness to work together collaboratively to reach mutual task goals. Jun, 2012 perhaps most important, skillful self disclosure can humanize the leader, creating connections between the leader and followers that increase feelings of trust and intimacy, and, in an. Our model is based on social exchange theory set and social penetration theory spt, as well as on crosscultural theory related to individualismcollectivism. The topics of disclosure range from superficial details to very. This is consistent with a major concern that arises at this stage of development, namely self exploration and the development of identity. Pdf three theories of selfdisclosure exchange steven lynn. The role of subjective theories for selfdisclosure in online. Studies with selfconstructed measures of disclosure face a different set of. A model for self awareness, personal development, group development and understanding relationship. The examples exploited in this paper are altogether examples of profound self disclosure, as the users present online stigmatising and other embarassing self related contents like self injury, depression, suicidal thoughts, loneliness, and mobbing. And how should you respond when other people open their hearts to you.
Our research proposes an online community self disclosure model, tested in a crosscultural setting using data provided by french and british working professionals. Johnson johns hopkins university this study investigates whether objective selfreport measures of personality are better regarded as sources of factual information about the self i. This page was created by mallan group training and management, inc. First, to explorer the users selfdisclosures on sns based on the dimensions of selfdisclosure theory wheeless. Although definitions of self disclosure are surprisingly coherent, the concept itself is quite complex. During my formal training, i had personally disclosed to a client. Selfconstructed indices that capture coverage are the most commonly used measures. The information we provide or reveal is related to various private aspects of the person, such as thinking, feelings, experie. Self disclosure can be differentiated with respect to duration, amount, and depth cozby, 1973. The books chapters explore three major areas, including the interrelationship of selfdisclosure and personality as well as the role of selfdisclosure in the development, maintenance, and deterioration of personal relationships, and the con tribution of selfdisclosure to psychotherapy, marital therapy, and counseling. Although the proposed theory allows for a more nuanced. Discuss the process of self disclosure, including how we make decisions about what, where, when, and how to disclose. This paper begins a discussion of the issues of self disclosure and anonymity for recovering psychiatrists. I discovered a new approach toward self disclosure in an unlikely place not long ago.
Self disclosure of adolescents and parents may change as a result of adolescent development, specifically. Carl rogers 19021987 was a humanistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of abraham maslow. However, rogers 1959 added that for a person to grow, they need an environment that provides them with genuineness openness and self disclosure, acceptance being seen with unconditional positive regard, and empathy being listened to and understood. Unlike many other theories of psychotherapy, feminist therapy theory has from its inception promulgated the idea that self disclosure by the therapist may be a valuable part of the therapy process greenspan, 1986. Self disclosure, the strategies people use to approach one anoother, and the various stages relationships go through when they are beginning and ending are key concepts in interpersonal communication theory. Parental behaviors related to adolescents selfdisclosure. Steven gans, md is boardcertified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at massachusetts general hospital. Pdf self disclosure is the act of revealing details about ourselves to others. Selfdisclosure refers to the verbal disclosure of personally sensitive information by client or counselor, and may involve disclosure about actions, thoughts, or feelings. One of the simplest definitions of self disclosure is the process of providing information about oneself to other people. Decisions about selfdisclosure whether to reveal ones thoughts, feel ings, or past experiences to another person, or the level of intimacy of such disclosure are part of the everyday life of most persons. Selfdisclosure and new communication technologies self disclosure is generally defined as intentionally revealing information about ones self to others derlega et al.
Attachment styles and patterns of selfdisclosure mario mikulincer and orna nachshon barilan university ramat gan, israel in 3 studies, 352 undergraduate israeli students were classified into secure, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment groups, and their differences in traitlike measures of self disclosure willingness. A strong emphasis in each of the chapters is theory development and the integration of ideas about self disclosure. Self disclosure is a form of communication that i struggle with personally. Concepts and theories investigate and attempt to explain the subtle complexity of interpersonal communication. Mcdonald, in international encyclopedia of education third edition, 2010. Therapist selfdisclosure and the therapeutic relationship. An approach from the viewpoint of humanistic psychology, which was a synthesis of the concepts and techniques that humanistic psychologists utilized and built upon in the 1960s and 1970s.
Typically, as relationships deepen and trust is established, self disclosure increases in both breadth and depth. Selfdisclosure theory, research, and therapy valerian j. There are degrees of self disclosure, ranging from relatively safe revealing your hobbies or musical preferences, to more personal topics illuminating fears, dreams for the future, or fantasies. Selfdisclosure and the treatment of substance abuse. Communication and self disclosure, more than feelings and commitment, are the most significant parts. Kendra cherry, ms, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology.
According to the cddis model, disclosure, intimacy, and satisfaction are all connected, and the valence and strength of associations between the constructs depend on the context in which disclosure occurs. Selfdisclosure definition selfdisclosure refers to the process of revealing personal, intimate information about oneself to others. In recent years, social penetration theory has been the focus of many online studies,14,16,17,2427 and has been applied to, or adapted, in the context of online relationship studies, such as sexual self disclosure, online friendships, 14 and online social networks. In families in which adolescents are present, interaction may change as a result of changes in degree, topic, or rate of self disclosure. Extending the functional approach to disclosure motivations and characteristics on social network sites1 natalya n. Typically, as relationships deepen and trust is established, selfdisclosure increases in both breadth and depth. Self disclosure definition self disclosure refers to the process of revealing personal, intimate information about oneself to others. Nov 01, 2016 generally speaking, if a disclosure statement feels natural, people will more likely use it. Our book brings together the work of experts from these various disciplines with the hope that knowledge about work being done on self disclosure in related disciplines will be increased. The self disclosure and selfpresentation views of item response dynamics and personality scale validity john a.
History it is necessary to improve self awareness and personal development among individuals when they are in a group. How we share, what we share, and when we share are just a few of the factors that can influence whether our selfdisclosure is effective and appropriate. This notice, issued on april 17, 20, updates the provider self disclosure protocol. Suzanne larson, thesis supervisor abstract this research regards the relationship between selfdisclosure and cohesion in a religious setting. But the relationship grows in other ways too, as a result of nonverbal self disclosure. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Explain the connection between social penetration theory, social comparison theory, and self disclosure. Research conducted to date suggests that self disclosure can produce positive outcomes in. Therefore thinking about it carefully, in each situation, is important. Collins and lynn carol miller selfdisclosure plays a central role in the development and maintenance of relationships. Self disclosure from the perspective of intersubjectivity theory donna m.
Self disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about themself to another. Self disclosure, or the sharing of personal information with another person, is a central feature of many friendships, particularly in adolescence. Altman and taylors social penetration theory is used to understand selfdisclosure in the unique. A common approach in this kind of study is to design an index that captures. Therefore, within the cptheory, selfdisclosure is not equivalent with a. Self disclosure as a function of attraction and trust according to jourard, this. Social penetration theory, self disclosure, uncertainty reduction theory, and relational dialectics theory. Drew, department of health and human services, office of inspector general, congressional and. They will determine the kinds of relationships the person has with others. O box 44400 00100 nairobi, kenya abstract self disclosure is the act of revealing details about ourselves to others. Self disclosure takes place in any type of communication even if its acknowledge or not.
The only rule in developing a self disclosure statement is to never apologize for stuttering. Discover how self disclosure can help you to find joy at work. If you get it right, it can strengthen relationships, instill trust, and boost your ability to inspire and lead. Taylor and altmans social penetration theory is the idea that relationships become more intimate over time when partners disclose more and more information about themselves littlejohn, 2002. Self concept is the image that we have of ourselves. Pdf disclosure theories and disclosure measures researchgate. The conversation between tom and summer certainly shows how their verbal self disclosure affects their relationship. Self disclosure is a major issue and becomes unavoidable if the psychiatrists meet their patients at twelvestep meetings. There are degrees of selfdisclosure, ranging from relatively safe revealing your hobbies or musical preferences, to more personal topics illuminating fears, dreams for the future, or fantasies. We also consider the links between privacy and selfdisclosure, and the unique challenges. Social penetration theory also does not account for individual differences in disclosure preferences and behaviors, for example, introversionextro version. How much personal information should you reveal at work. Spt is a theory about the development of relational closeness. Self disclosure essay example 1088 words 5 pages to disclose or not to disclose.
Please note we also have a disclosure framework leaflet just for you. Importantly, interpersonal interaction isnt just a source of information about the self, and nor is it simply a portrayal of the self. Meissners position on selfdisclosure, though seemingly conservative as it called for continued neutralityremnants of freuds perspective p. In an earlier contribution orange, atwood, and stolorow, 1997, we explained that the concept of practice better describes psychoanalytic clinical work than does the venerable notion of technique. Selfdisclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about. Omarzu, 2000, which we extend to social media, arguing that. The nature of the decisions that a person makes will have an impact on his or her life. Pdf theories have been developed in the disclosure literature to explain the.
The overarching principles for group leader self disclosure are similar to those for disclosure in individual therapy. Self disclosure is considered a key aspect of developing closeness and intimacy with others, including friends, romantic partners, and family members. Through selfdisclosure, two individuals get to know one another. The iportace of selfdisclosure you p oal ha ae dozes of o aesaios ith people eah da c, ut ho ote do ou ha ae o aesaios hee cou shae cou authei thoughts ad feeligs. Pdf selfdisclosure is the act of revealing details about ourselves to others. Social penetration theory states that as we get to know someone, we engage in a reciprocal process of selfdisclosure that changes in breadth and depth and affects how a relationship develops. Jourard is also known for his self disclosure theory of. Aodig to eu o sie vists aho ha ae studied ahat happes to peoples ai vs he the c ae i v theap c, he ae dislose ou i v ve. Self disclosure is a process by which persons make themselves known to each other. In littlejohn sw, foss ka, editors, encyclopedia of communication theory. With longitudinal data collected from both partners in young adult dating. Dewane 2006 expands this definition by putting it as the use of self in social work practice is the combining of knowledge. Social penetration theory, selfdisclosure, uncertainty reduction theory, and relational dialectics theory.
Facebook and twitter are undoubtedly dominating the world of online social networking, and the willingness of many users to self disclose personal information ranging from moods to religious affiliation, relationship status, and personal contact information has led to an increase in privacy concerns. Selfdisclosure theory, research, and therapy valerian. Utilizing communication privacy management cpm theory, this article proposes a framework for ongoing consideration of how selfdisclosure and privacy. May 30, 2015 how self disclosure affects people and their relationships. As mentioned, self disclosure is both a sub conscious and conscious act. The low levels of self disclosure reported by critical care patients mean 8. Another web critique of the johari model is provide by duen hsi yuen. Through self disclosure, two individuals get to know one another. Access provided by carnegie mellon university on 082515. As such, it is an integral part of the family interaction process. One way that researchers have explored these processes is by studying the links between selfdisclosure and liking. Self disclosure is an act of intimacy and serves as a maintenance strategy, and yet very little prior research has examined self disclosure within relationships with data collected multiple times over an extended period of time and from both partners. How selfdisclosure affects people and their relationships.
610 28 1057 588 336 1274 1162 1325 692 502 1469 705 379 803 18 269 840 1351 980 1168 606 114 26 105 969 146 1373 701 137 960 589 268 102 102 697